Definitions, Issues and Characteristics of the River in Indonesia

Definitions, Issues and Characteristics of the River in Indonesia

This Articel english version from "Definisi, Permasalahan dan Karakteristik Sungai di Indonesia"

1. Definition of River

The river is a water irrigation system from start to spring up to the mouth with his left and right is restricted by the demarcation of the river along pengalirannya ( Sudaryoko, 1986 ). The river is a natural features and ecological integrity, which is useful for survival ( Brierly, 2005 ).

According to the Department of Public Works , the river as a source of water has a very important function for the lives and livelihoods. while the PP. 35 Year 1991 on the river , the River are places and containers as well as water drainage networks from spring to estuary with restricted right and left and along the demarcation line pengalirannya by.

The river is part of the earth's surface that is located lower than the surrounding soil and into the flow of freshwater into the sea, lakes, swamps, or into another river ( Hamzah, 2009 ).

Different flood plains of the river border. Banks of the river is left-right border area affected river / water overflowing rivers flooded. The function of the flow along the river is where most of the river discharge during flood ( high water channel ) ( Yodi Isnaini, 2006) . According to Law no. 35 1991 about the river , said understanding the River Plate is the land on both sides along the riverbed is calculated from the edge to the inner foot embankment. Accordingly the ban on the riverbank in the trash and put up buildings for occupancy. ( Polantolo, 2008 )

While the border river, the river Borders is a region that should be given to the creek. During the rainy season and the river discharge increases, the demarcation of the river serves as a parking area so that water can seep into ground water. In addition, the demarcation of the river is an area of the river on which a water system there are mechanisms to the river inflow and outflow into the groundwater. Inflow outflow process is a process of hydraulic river conservation and ground water in general. Ecologically border river is a habitat where the river ecology component develops ( Sobirin, 2003 ). More detail can be seen in the picture below:

Sources: Polantolo, 2009

1. Problems Rivers in Indonesia

1. Big River

a. Solo River

Solo including a large river which ideally has a width of 300 meters, but the current condition of the river is only 160-180 meters wide. This is because the river is experiencing problems. Upstream edge of the Solo River in the 30-40 percent slope is now a farm, there is almost no land left for the forest or the catchment areas that are important to the preservation of water sources Solo.

Solo border area which covers 1.9 million hectares, is now inhabited by 7.1 lost souls. Of the total population inhabiting the border Solo. Due to lack of knowledge of the population towards environmental sustainability Solo, they do not care and damage the largest river on the island of Java. Of the 1.9 million hectares of area demarcation of the river, of which 1.13 million hectares of land used for agriculture.

Solo River overflowed every rainy season. The cause of them, the river began to shallow because of sedimentation from agricultural land and loss of demarcation of the river causes the rainwater that falls directly into the rivers. In fact, if the demarcation is authentic (forests), an indirect fall-out rain water hits the ground. Rain on the leaves of the trees, then fell to the ground, and absorbed the roots of trees. The roots of this tree, in addition to storing rainwater (inhibiting flood), also can supply water to Bengawan in the dry season.

At the finish line along the Solo River upstream and erosion. This is caused because the river solo lively variety of sand mining, mainly cultivated on a large scale by vacuum. Huge holes in the river cliffs which lead to instability caused landslides. ( Source: Republika daily, Saturday, March 14, 2009)

b. Kapuas River

Development in the districts / cities in West Kalimantan (Kalbar) today has given rise to various environmental problems and adversely affect the condition of watersheds (DAS) Kapuas. Kapuas River is included in the classification of major rivers. Kapuas River has a width of 300 meters. Kapuas river is now polluted and the quality is declining. Many problems resulted River getting damaged. P ermasalahan related to the Kapuas river basin, such as deforestation, domestic waste, and illegal gold mining. ( http://www.fwi.or.id/indexasli.php?link=news&id=747 )

c. Barito River

Barito River is the mother river located in South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan. Barito River has a width of 350-500 meters. In the Barito river siltation occurs (sedimentation) in the downstream. Territory that is passed by the flow of the Barito River in the year - last year it floods often occur in almost all regions. ( http://dishutkalsel.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=113&Itemid=142 )

Rivers in Banjarmasin many are switching functions. For example, many rivers in Banjarmasin which began to lose their area, due to the construction of shophouses (store house), road widening, as well as a residential area. ungai-river is very narrow for them renangi, and more concern that the river water is very dirty and a lot of rubbish that drifts with the flow of water. ( http://www2.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0606/03/daerah/ 2696201.htm )

2. Medium River Issues

a. Ciliwung River

Ciliwung River is part of the Unit Area River (SWS) Ciliwung - Cisadane. As part of the SWS Ciliwung - Cisadane, Ciliwung River has a catchment area of ​​337 Km2 + flows along the 117 km-eyed water in the Mount Pangrango (3019 m) located in the southern city of Bogor and empties into the Java Sea and has a 30 meter wide river. Ciliwung River is one river that flows across the city limits / province and has an important function for the surrounding community is a source of raw water, flushing, transportation routes, and so on. However, in line with the urban growth occurs, the condition of Ciliwung River and its surroundings are getting worse. The number of people living on the outskirts of the river became rivers Ciliwung issues become increasingly complex. In addition to causing untidiness, the treatment population to Ciliwung River are also less responsible, because the assumption Ciliwung River as the rear of their house.

Ciliwung development activities in the watershed, which tends to lead to a reduction in carrying capacity, a decrease in the ability of absorbing water and land in an increase in the rate of erosion. This condition causes high surface water runoff resulting in its annual floods occur in DKI Jakarta. However, efforts to relieve banks of the river from illegal occupancy is one issue among many complex problems managing the city of Jakarta. In South Jakarta, for example, there are 5120 illegal buildings along the river with 8019 families as residents. There is another 5404 building with 7161 Timur.Bahkan family in Jakarta, in Jakarta there are 557 illegal buildings along the river with 910 families as residents. ( http://www.suarapembaruan.com/News/2007/02/22/Jabotabe/jab07.htm )

b. Brantas River

Brantas river border there are also a growing slums along the river. Many residents who live near the banks of the river by establishing the foundation of the house just above the creek. When it should be based on the explanation of the Act spatial demarcation of the river to be clean of settlements or buildings. On the banks of the Brantas River, r ibuan houses are generally built coincide with river bodies. Not a few of them stand above the sheer cliffs that bordered the river Brantas, so that thousands of houses are prone to landslides are generally built coincide with river bodies. Not a few of them stand above the sheer cliffs that bordered the river Brantas, which is most prone to landslides. ( www.metronews.com and postal Malang, October 24, 2008 )

Pursuant to Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 63 of 1993 on the River Line Borders, Regional Benefits River, and Rivers Control Area, a wide range of urban river demarcation shall be not less than 15 meters and in areas outside urban areas can reach 100 meters. However, this condition is barely awake from the upper Brantas River in the region towards Batu Malang Regency. From the upstream area, the utilization of demarcation of the Brantas River has a lot to agricultural activities that violate the provisions. Moreover, entering the city, settlement procedure completely ignores the provisions of the utilization of river border. ( Nur Rizal , Kompas, October 22, 2002 ).

3. Creek

a. Kali Grace

Kali Grace disemarang including channels whose surface is relatively flat. Such channels causing the water flow is usually slow, so most of the sediment can not be carried to downstream, therefore, natural that in some parts of the line and then place a serious silting. In fact, there are places that narrowed and greatly impede the flow of water. To fix the river, should parts of the shallow river dredged. the poor condition of these times make all parties feel aggrieved. Due to stagnant, Street Kaligawe also often damaged ( an independent voice-week, 14 March 2004 ).

Flow conditions and time Penggaron East Banjirkanal always rains whenever heavy rain falls upstream. In fact, the strength of the water was able to break through some levees in lalu.Sebaliknya Cilosari in 2005, the flow of grace time is much slower. it is because the difference in height between the upstream and downstream the river is indeed small. Upstream the river, north of Jalan Majapahit and obtain the main stream of the channel on the south side of the path-Purwodadi itu.Kondisi Kali Semarang grace like that resulted in the flow of mud can not flow fast and then settles. In addition, during heavy rains the flow of time, Grace was always defeated by Banjirkanal Timur.Bisa envisioned when the water had to queue while the flow from upstream continue to grow. It's also what causes a puddle in the village could for days. ( Suara Merdeka, Thursday January 2006 )

b. Times Citanduy

Times Citanduy CILACAP, not Citanduy River empties directly into the Ocean Indonesia but to the Segara Anakan, so that every year thousands of cubic meters of silt carried by the river into the lagoon and there was a high sedimentation process. ( Voice Merdeka, Friday 3 October 2003 ).

Based on the above explanation, it can be concluded that the condition of rivers in Indonesia experienced a variety of issues including:

· Pendangkalan river silt caused by erosion.

· Borders permikiman river narrows as it grows wild around the riverbanks.

· Damage to the finish line because the functionality is converted to agricultural land, plantations, and housing.

· The continued development of settlements along the banks of the river, so the environment is damaged and dirty.

C. Characteristics of Rivers in Indonesia

River is one of the sources of water are essential to life. The river has a function as a source of raw water, irrigation, flood control and urban macro channel. But what happens now is a decreased function of the river because the river into a large trash can, not a front porch but the backyard. This is at the root of the problem. Therefore, demarcation of the river is not only necessary but mandatory organized and protected. ( Dra. Lina Marlia, CES, Directorate General of Spatial Planning, Ministry of Public Works, 2009 )

According Robbet J. Kodoatie and Sugianto in his book, Flood, said that the river can be grouped into three areas that show the nature and characteristic of the different river systems, namely:

· In the upstream areas (mountains) in the mountainous rivers have a steep slope ( STEEP slope ). This steep slope and high rainfall will cause a stream power (strong currents) big rivers that flow into the river in this area is quite large. The time period generally runs faster flow rates. On the upstream side is marked by the erosion in the River Irrigation Area (DPS) and the erosion of the riverbed due to crushing and rock avalanches. The process of sedimentation of the river bluff is called degradation. Riverbed material can be shaped boulder / boulder, Krakal, krikil and sand. The shape of the river in this area is braider (selempit / braid). The upper groove is a series of rapids upstream flow of the rushing rapids. Cross section of generally V-shaped river

· In the transition area to the mountainous border to the coast, the river bed slope is generally less than 2% due to the slope of the riverbed extends gradually becomes gentle ( mild ). In this area along with the reduced flow rate, although the erosion is still happening but increased sedimentation process that causes deposition of sediment begins to rise, due to the deposition is impacting on the shrinking capacity of the river (latitude river looks reduction). Degradation process (crushing) and agradasi (buildup of sediment) occurs as a result floods can occur in a relatively long compared to upstream areas. Basically relatively softer material than in the mountains. Cross section of the river is generally a gradual change from V to U.

In the downstream areas; river began the transition boundary, coastal areas, and ends in the sea (river mouth / estuary ). The slope in the area downstream of the ramps to be very gentle and even there are parts of the river, especially near the sea bottom slope of the river close to 0 (zero). Generally form the shape of river meanders show a pattern that would impede the flow of flood. Agradasi process (buildup of sediment) is more dominant place. Riverbed material finer than in the transition area or the upstream region. In the event of flooding, periods longer than the transition area and upstream areas.

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Form River V

Form River U

Characteristics and type of river in Indonesia based on the source of river water, divided into three kinds: ( http://airbengkulu.blogspot.com/2009/04/sungai-dan-definisinya.html )

• Rainy River, is the river where the water comes from rain water or spring water. Examples are rivers that exist in Java and Nusa Tenggara.
• Mixed River, is a river whose waters originate from a search of ice (glaciers) of rain, and springs. Examples of this type are stream and river Mamberano Digul River in New Guinea (Irian Jaya).

Characteristics and type of river in Indonesia, based on water discharge (water volume), the river is divided into: ( http://airbengkulu.blogspot.com/2009/04/sungai-dan-definisinya.html )

• Permanent rivers, is the river water discharge is relatively fixed throughout the year. Examples of the Kapuas River, Kahayan, Barito and Mahakam In Kalimantan. Musi River, and Indragiri Batanghari in Sumatra
• Periodic River is a river in the rainy season while the water is much smaller in the dry season water. Examples of this river much like the island of Java, Solo, Opak rivers, the Progo River, River Code, and the Brantas River.
• Episodic River, is a river in the dry season the water is dry and the rainy season the water a lot. Example: River kalada island of Sumba.
• Ephemeral river, the river that there is water only during the rainy season, rainy season the water is not necessarily a lot.

Indonesia has many islands, it is generally unspoiled rivers in Indonesia and they tend to turn-term consequences of beloknya flow of the river due to different heights, topography or other things and many of which empties directly into the ocean. River flow patterns in Indonesia there are various flow patterns such as granular, dentritik, trelis, merder and others. This is an example of granular flow patterns in the hills, parallels the flow pattern on the hill that has a system of Kars (limestone). To merder a flow pattern that is usually found in many systems alluvial plains (sediment). Merder flow mostly found in Indonesia, namely the flow that flows all year round and can be found in large rivers such as the ambi Batanghari, Kapuas, Sungai Kampar and others. ( Kompas, Sunday, July 6, 2003 )

River development in Indonesia is still at least to be able to resolve the problem at hand. When compared with irrigation development, the scope of the development of the river is still far behind. The work done is limited to rivers priority. It can be seen that more than 6,000 rivers with a length of more than 40 kilometers, only 39 rivers are categorized as priority and dealt with in parts of upper, middle, and downstream. There are still many rivers that is natural, so in terms of river kenaturalan Indonesia has more treasures than any country. ( Kompas, Sunday, July 6, 2003 ).

Download Books Geomorphology and River Management

http://www.mediafire.com/?ertxw280051wm7d#1 (Copas Link)

pas: ebooksclub.org

Sumber Lainnya:
Rahman boby dan Dita Rr KP, Pola Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Bantaran Sungai (produk: Seminar Produk Akhir), Semarang, Tahun 2009

know Thomas Karsten (the designer cities in Indonesia)

This artical english version from (Mengenal Thomas Karsten)

Herman Thomas Karsten (Amsterdam, Netherlands 22 April 1884 - Cimahi, Indonesia 1945) is an architect and urban planner of the Dutch East Indies. He is the son of a professor of Philosophy and Vice Chairman of the Chancellor ("Provost") at the University of Amsterdam, while his mother was a born in Central Java. Herman Thomas Karsten is a graduate engineer architect in Delft Technische Hoogeschool who entered the year l904. In this career he was a planner and advisor to several public construction projects in several cities when it began to grow due to the improving economy, among others, Batavia (Jakarta), Meester Cornelis ( Jatinegara) Bandung, Buitenzorg (Bogor), Semarang (Pasar Johar), Surakarta (Pasar Gede), Malang, Purwokerto, Palembang, Padang, Medan, Banjarmasin, and even to design a low-cost housing in the southwestern city of Magelang, namely Kwarasan. Karsten distinctive style is concern for the environment and respect for human values. He never forgot the interests of low-income, something that is rarely encountered in the Dutch period. Karsten influence in the development of the city is by the division of environment is no longer based on ethnicity, but economic classes, namely high, medium and low Karsten argues that urban planning is an inter-related activities (social, technological, economic, physical basis, etc.) that must be keselasaran be considered for the creation of the urban environment. Based on the background concept of town planning is always towards the urban theme of building the UK (a mixture of European culture or the Netherlands with a local or Java) Karsten considered the city as a living organism that continues to grow.
In the city development plan, Karsten importance to the existence city parks and open space, two things that seem now starting neglected. As a result of this philosophy comes the style of architecture 'Indies' popular in pre-independence. In Java Karsten plan nine of the nineteen cities that have local authorities. In Semarang Karsten apply the principles of planning patterns, penzoningan, the hierarchy of streets like in Europe. Semarang rise and fall of a small hill hill to the Old City which is located on the waterfront does look designed one of the fruits of thought Thomas Karsten. Since the founding of the Technische Hoogeschool in Bandung (ITB now) Karsten became one of the instructors. In 1941 he became professor. The first generation of architects Indonesia many are students. Politically, Karsten was the pro-independence, a stance that was taken only by a small circle of European descent (Indo) in his time. Unfortunately, he was captured by the Japanese occupation army in 1942 until he died in the internment camp Cimahi 1945. This aspiration to die in the land of Indonesia must be achieved even in a tragic situation.

Her work is found in the following cities:

- Bandung
- Banjarmasin
- Bogor
- Cirebon
- Jakarta (termasuk Jatinegara/Meester Cornelis)
• Lapangan Monas (1937)
- Madiun
- Magelang
• Kampung Kwarasan, Kota Magelang (1937)
• Menara air
- Malang
• Kawasan Jalan Ijen
- Padang
- Palembang
• Pasar Sentral
• Pasar Ilir
- Purwokerto
- Semarang
• Penataan kota daerah Candi (1916), Pekunden, Peterongan, Sompok, Semarang Timur (1919), Kampung Senjoyo, Progo, Mlatiharjo
• Pasar Jatingaleh (1930)
• Pasar Randusari
• Pasar Johar (1933)
• Zustermaatschappijen de Semarang (sekarang Kantor PT KAI Daop IV)
• Djakarta LLyod Stoomvart Nederland (Kantor PT (Persero) Djakarta Lloyd)
• Stasiun Poncol (Semarang-Cheribon Stoomtram Maatscappij),
• Nederlansch Kerk (Gereja Blenduk)
• Rumah Sakit Elizabeth)
• Taman Diponegoro.
Surakarta
• Pasar Gede Harjonagoro (1930 diresmikan)
• Kawasan Pemukiman (Villapark) Banjarsari
• Stasiun Solo Balapan
• Gerbang luar dan Pendapa Pura Mangkunegaran (1917-1920)
• Masjid Wustho Mangkunegaran
• Kawasan Lingkar Manahan
Yogyakarta
• Museum Sonobudoyo (1933)

Street Pemuda semarang, similiar with street in Europa

Pasar johar semarang

Street ijen

stasiun balapan,

source: wikipedia
Google
etc

silakan komen ^^

Le Corbusier, the "founder of Modern Architecture in Urban Settlements"

Le CORBUSIER
(This articel english version from "Mengenal Lee Corbusier" )

Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, known as Le Corbusier (October 6, 1887 - August 27, 1965), is an architect and writer born in the French-Swiss, which is very famous for his contributions to modernism or the international-style. His thinking is influenced by what he saw, especially industrial cities at the turn of the century. Le Corbusier's interest in visual art and his education at La-Chaux-de-Fonds Art School . Its architecture teacher at that time was the architect René Chapallaz , which later became the greatest influence on his designs at the beginning of his career.

During World War I, Le Corbusier taught at his old school La-Chaux-de-Fonds Art School, and did not return to Paris until the war ended. During four years in Switzerland, Le Corbusier examine many theories of architecture that uses rules of modern architectural techniques. One of the works of Le Corbusier at the time was the "Domino House" (1914-1915).

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"Domino Hause" a concept that many storied buildings in use until now

The design later became the basis of most of his work until 10 years later, where later he started designing his works with his nephew, Pierre Jeanneret (1896-1967) until 1940. In 1918, Le Corbusier met Amédée Ozenfant, a Cubist painter. Ozenfant support for painting, where the later period of their partnership began. With regard sesautu Cubism as irrational but "romantic", they then published their manifesto, Après le Cubisme and set theory a new movement of modern architecture, Purism. Purism Purism is a form of Cubism, which is one approach to aesthetics in architecture. Le Corbusier and Ozenfant first described the basic principles of this theory in 1918. Expression of Purism is an expression that displays the purity of the deserted building ornaments, in line with the adage of modern architecture is considered that: "Ornament is a crime", it could appear because of the desire to escape from the use of ornaments with the principle that without the ornamentation of the building can look more beautiful.

Le Corbusier's buildings, though white and no ornament but still beautiful

Starting from the failure of the French Government in dealing with slum areas (slums) and urban housing crisis, then beliu plunge into urban planning (urban planning). Le Corbusier found a solution to the problem of slums and urban housing crisis. With Modern Architectural, he believes can provide solutions in raising the quality of life for the underclass.

The solution is to make an adequate shelter for many people. In 1922, occupancy plan is realized with the name IMMEUBLES VILLAS (1922) a dwelling which i called it a-Blocks of Cell-like individuals Apartments, a building which has several floors. Each room contained R. Guest, R. bedroom, kitchen, and garden

Immeubles tahun1922 Villas, a rise buildings that can accommodate many people, such as apartments and flats at the moment.

Also designed by Le Corbusier emergence named Contemporary CITY (1922) which can accommodate 3 million residents. Showed that he was not only involved in the design-house design but he also started to download the design area of the city.

ontemporery City in 1922, can accommodate 3 million people so it can be one solution to the crisis in urban settlements (Prncis) at that time.

one of the current settlement is similar to Contemporery City

Enhancer highways (freeways) in the contemporary city, make this design into a new dwelling is low cost, low density, highly profitable, and free from the growth of small settlements that could potentially chaotic and reduced mobility. This makes Le Corbusier is famous as one of the first to realize the impact of mobility on the shape and design of human settlements. He did not like any form of decoration or ornamentation on the building, and once said that "all buildings should be white."

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again, Villa Savoye, Poissy-sur-Seine, France Le Corbusier's buildings that are white in accordance with the characteristic le Corbusier stating all buildings should be whiteIn 1930 Le Corbusier returned reformulate ideas about urban, this time with the design of La Ville radieuse (The Radiant City). The fundamental difference with Contemporery City is ignoring class stratification based on the old owners, but rather the size of the family, not on economic position. With a concept like 14m2 for 1 person, With vertical development, KDB is small, so that the surrounding area can be used as a playground and parking lot, then with a staircase connecting between the building blocks

Radiant City in 1930, led to the concept of open space such as parks and parking

With the concepts above, it can support a theory coined by Le Corbusier which states that the center of a large city should consist primarily of skyscrapers - specifically for the commercial - and that this region should be occupied by no more than 5%. The remaining 95% should be a park with trees.

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The design is in accordance with his theory, which is dominated by trees and plants

Looking at the concepts he developed during his time and useful to date the fitting nickname given to long ago called "Leader of the modern-seatlement better and better soceity".




Source:
Google
Wikipedia

Traditional Houses in Indonesia

Some of the Traditional Houses in Indonesia
(this articel english version from "Rumah Adat di Indonesia" )

• Central Java

Architecture or Art Building of the region of Central Java province are grouped into two, namely

· Traditional Architecture

That is the art of building native Java which is still alive and growing in the Java community. The study of art by the Java community building commonly called science or also called Wong Kalang Kalang. Which is the main building in the existing art building Java 5 (five) Types, are:

- Bake-pe, which is building the roof with only one side. The form we have encountered as many places selling drinks, rice and others who are on the edge of the road. If the function can be developed as a neighborhood watch, where the car / garage, factory, and so on.

- Village, which is building the two sides of the roof, a ridge in the middle. Generally as a residence, either incityand villages and in the mountains. The development of this form is also used as a residence.

- Limasan, ie the roof of the building with four sides, a ridge de middle. Especially visible on the roof which has 4 (four) sides of the field, wearing dudur. Mostly for housing. Development with the addition of patio or porch, as well as some rooms will be created forms sinom, curses float, symbol pendants, trajumas, and others. Only the form unusual trajumas used as a residence.

- Joglo or Tikelan, Soko Guru that is building with four sides and roof, a ridge in the middle. Characterized; roof consists of 4 (four) sides of the pillar of the pemidangannya (alengnya) and berblandar intercropping. The building is generally used as a pavilion and also to residence (palace) `

- Tajug or mosque, the roof of the building with Soko Guru 4 sides, without a ridge, so pointed. The main characteristic in the form of a pointed roof, pillar of the beam-beam intercropping, berdenah square, the floor is always above without storey. Used as a sacred place, such as: the mosque, where the king reigns, tomb. There's nothing to shelter.

·· Modern Architecture

That is the art of existing buildings in the province of Central Java which has a mix between art style original building with the influence of art outside the building, or a mixture between the outside with the outside or beyond the original.

For example, the Kudus Mosque, Monument Palagan Ambarawa, Diponegoro Monument in Magelang, Monument Tugu Muda Semarang . etc.

Sumatra Traditional House

· North Sumatra

Custom homes North Sumatra roof made of palm fiber palm tree, with the previously made parts of the girder from bamboo, rattan tied wear. This custom home was not wearing spikes, wall panels and boards are bound by the amplifier is interwoven fibers rigging. Painting done by using clay and color of the leaves or plant forests

·

Traditional House Riau (House Lancang) Houses Lancang or Pencalang is the name of one of the traditional society Kampar Regency House, Riau Province, Indonesia. In addition to the name or Pencalang Lancang House, The house is also known as House Lontik. Is called Lancang or Pencalang because of foot front wall hangings like boats, house walls form the sloping walls tilt out like a sailboat, and when seen from afar as a house boat Homes (Magon) used to make population. While the name is used because the shape perabung Lontik (ridge) melentik onto its roof.

Aceh Traditional House
Aceh home is home to the stage with a pole between 2.50 to 3 meters high, consists of three or fivespace, with one main room called the vines. The house has 16 rooms with three poles, while the House withfivespace has 24 poles. Modification of three tofivespace or vice versa can be done easily, simply add or remove parts that are left or right side of the house. This section is called sramoe likot or back porch or veranda and sramoe reunyeun bertangga, where the entrance to the house which is always located in the east. The main door house Aceh is always lower than the height of an adult. Usually the height of the door is only the size of 120-150 cm so that everyone who entered the House of Aceh should be lowered. However, once inside, we will feel very airy room in the house because there was no furniture in the form of a chair or table. Everyone sits cross-legged on a mat Ngom (of similar material, weeds growing in marshes) covered with mats .

· West Sumatra Traditional House

The traditional house of West Sumatra is called Tower House . The original custom homes each pole is not vertical or horizontal, but sloped. This is caused by the ancients who came from the sea where only knew how to build ships. The design of this ship is replicated in creating home. Jugat custom house but do not wear nail wear wooden pegs. This caused the area of West Sumatra is prone to earthquakes , both volcanic and tectonic. If dipasak with wood every earthquake will be stronger tie

Traditional House of Papua

Honai is a typical house of Papua. Honai houses made of wood with a conical roof made of straw or reeds. Honai purposely built narrow or small and no windows are intended to withstand the cold mountains of Papua. Honai usually built as high as 2.5 meters and in the middle of the house prepared a place for a bonfire to warm themselves. Honai house is divided into three types, namely for men (called Honai), women (called Ebei), and pigsty (called Wamai).

Wamena custom home community that is circular with a cover of coarse grass that is thick (> 10 cm). This house is called "Honai", Honai is often used as a symbol of Papuan typical traditional house. If you get into this Honai then quite warm and dark inside because there are no windows and only one door. Lighting at night they use firewood in the soil by digging honai didalammnya as a furnace, in addition to light the coals is also beneficial to warm the body. If they do not use bunk beds or mattresses, they are grounded dried grass brought from the garden or fields. Generally they replace if it is too long because there are many hog lice.

The Dayak Traditional House

(Future plans there will be a post about houses Dayak tribe in detail)

The traditional houses known as the Dayak tribe Lamin. The form of each custom home Lamin Dayak tribes generally are not much different. Lamin usually facing the river was established. With the basic shape of a rectangular building. Lamin long there that reached 200 meters in width between 20 to 25 meters. In the yard there are some lamin-sized wooden statues of the ancestors is a statue dedication.

Lamin-shaped house on stilts (has underneath) using a saddle roof. Height under there that reached 4 meters. To rise to the top of Lamin, used ladder made of tree trunks that ditakik-notch form the steps and stairs can be moved or elevated-down. All this is an attempt to anticipate the threat of enemy attack or the beasts.

Initially, lamin inhabited by many families who inhabit the cubicles in the lamin, but the habit was already fading in the present. The front of the lamin is a long porch that serves as a place of solemnization of marriage, birth, death, harvest festival, etc.. On the back porch there is a row of large cubicles. Each room is inhabited by five families.

Lamin residence of nobles and chiefs usually filled with ornaments or carvings are beautiful start from the pole, wall to roof peak. Ornament at the peak of the roof there are sticking up to 3 or 4 meters

Traditional House Sasak (lOMBOK, West Nusa Tenggara)

Sasak tribe is indigenous and ethnic majority in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. As a native, Sasak tribe has had a cultural system as recorded in the book written by Professor Gama Nagara Kartha Nala from Majapahit. In the book, Sasak tribe called "Sak-Sak Mirah Lomboq Adhi." If when the book was composed Sasak tribe has had an established culture system, the ability to exist till today is one proof that the tribe is able to maintain and preserve traditions . One form of evidence Sasak culture is the customary form of house building .

Sasak roofs made of thatch and woven bamboo walls (bedek). The floor is made of clay mixed with buffalo dung and straw ash. Mixture of clay and buffalo dung to make hardened ground floor, as hard as cement. Knowledge makes the floor in a way that is inherited from their ancestors.

The entire building materials (like wood and bamboo) to create a custom home Sasak obtained from the environment around them, even to connect parts of the wood, they use a nail made of bamboo. Traditional Sasak house has only one narrow and low-sized doors, and has no windows.

The Sasak people, home is in the dimension of sacred (holy) and the profane worldly) simultaneously. That is, the traditional Sasak houses and shelters as well as a gathering of family members is also a place of execution of sacred rituals are a manifestation of belief in God, the ancestors (papuk baluk), Epen bale (watchman's house), and etc

transfer knowledge society, the increasing number of residents and changes to other external factors (such as safety factors, geographical, and topographical) causes changes to the function and physical form of the traditional house. Only, the concept of development such as architecture, layout, and the pattern still displays the traditional characteristics that is based on the philosophical values ​​that are transmitted from generation to generation

Traditional House Bali

Balinese homes in accordance with the rules of Asta Kosala Kosali (part of the Vedas that govern the layout of the room and building, as Feng Shui in CultureChina)

According to the philosophy of the Balinese community, dynamic in life will be achieved if the realization of a harmonious relationship between aspects Pawongan, Palemahan, and parahyangan. To that end, the construction of a house should include these aspects or the so-called "Tri Hita Karana'''. Pawongan are the occupants of the house. Palemahan means there should be a good relationship between residents and the environment.

In general, building or area of Bali's traditional architecture is always filled with ornaments, a carved, equipment and provision of color. Decorative contain a specific meaning as an expression of the beauty of the symbol - a symbol of communication and delivery. Decorative forms of fauna species also serve as symbols of ritual are displayed in the sculpture .

sOURCE:

- Wikipedia

- google.com